Part 1 Coal Geology and Resources ..................................................................................................................................................................5
1.1. Coal-the Most Important Energy Source in China .....................................................................................................................................5
Fig. 1-1-1 China's Energy Production Mix in 2003 ............................................................................................................................................5
Fig. 1-1-2 China's Energy Consumption Mix in 2003 .......................................................................................................................................5
Table 1-1-1 Energy Production Mix of China from 1952 to 2003 ....................................................................................................................6
Table 1-1-2 Energy Consumption and its Composition ..................................................................................................................................6
Table 1-1-3 Resources and Reserves of Conventional Energy Sources of ................................................................................................8
China and Their Mix .................................................................................................................................................................................................8
1.2 Coal Distribution and Ages .............................................................................................................................................................................9
1.2.1 Coal-bearing Units and Their Resources .................................................................................................................................................9
Table 1-2-1 Distribution of China's Demonstrated Reserves by Regions ...................................................................................................9
1.2.2 Coal Ages and their Resources ...............................................................................................................................................................10
Table 1-2-2 Major Coal-Forming Basins and their Resources ....................................................................................................................11
1.2.3 Coal Distribution and Reserves ................................................................................................................................................................11
Table 1-2-3 Resource Distribution of the Different Aged Coals ...................................................................................................................12
in the Different Regions of China ........................................................................................................................................................................12
Table 1-2-4 Demonstrated and Recoverable Reserves of Different Aged Coal in Different Provinces (estimated to 2002..................

m depth, Mt) ....................13
1.3 Coal Types (Ranks) and their Locations ...................................................................................................................................................14
1.3.1 Brown Coal ....................................................................................................................................................................................................14
Table 1-3-1 Main Locations and Mining Areas of Brown Coal in China ......................................................................................................14
Table 1-3-2 Localities and Mining Districts of Flame, Non-Caking Coal andWeakly Caking Coal .......................................................16
1.3.3 Medium to Low Volatile Bituminite and Semi-anthracite (Gas to Lean Coal) ..................................................................................17
Table 1-3-3 The Major Localities of Gas to Meager-Lean Coal of China ....................................................................................................17
1.3.4 Meager Coal and Anthracite .......................................................................................................................................................................19
Table 1-3-4 Main Mining Districts of Meager Coal and Anthracite in China ...............................................................................................19
1.4. Coal Reserves ................................................................................................................................................................................................21
Table 1-4-1 Coal Resources and Their Distribution in China .......................................................................................................................21
Table 1-4-2 Detailed Distribution of Coal Reserves by the End of 2002 (Mt) .............................................................................................22
Table 1-4-3 Composition of the Recoverable Reserves of China ................................................................................................................22
1.5. Coal Ranks and Their Reserves .................................................................................................................................................................23
1.5.1 Recoverable Reserves of the Distinct Coal Types .................................................................................................................................24
Fig. 1-5-1 Coal Rank Mix of China .......................................................................................................................................................................25
Table 1-5-1 Distribution of Coal Ranks and Their Reserves and Resources by Provinces and Regions...........................................25
1.5.2 Predicted Resources of the Distinct Coal Types ...................................................................................................................................26
Table 1-5-2 Distribution of Coal Ranks and Their Predicted Resources in China ...................................................................................26
1.6 Coal Petrology and Quality .............................................................................................................................................................................27
1.6.1 Late Paleozoic Coal .....................................................................................................................................................................................28
1.6.2 The Mesozoic Coal .......................................................................................................................................................................................30
1.6.3 Cenozoic Coal ...............................................................................................................................................................................................32
1.7 Coal Exploration and Development .............................................................................................................................................................33
Table 1-7-1 Coal Resources and Productions of the Different Regions of China ....................................................................................34
Part 2 Coal Mining and Production .....................................................................................................................................................................35
2.1 Current Situation ...............................................................................................................................................................................................35
2.1.1 Coal Mines and Mining Technology ..........................................................................................................................................................35
Table 2-1-1 Total Output of China's Coal Industry in 2003 (based on current prices) ..............................................................................35
Table 2-1-2 Number of Workers and Their Wages for County- and State-run Coal Industriesat the end 2002...................................36
Table 2-1-3 Capacity of the Principal Coal Mines (>0.3 Mt/y) in Early 2002 ................................................................................................37
Table 2-1-4 Major State-Run Open Mines .........................................................................................................................................................37
2.1.2 Coal Processing and Mining Equipment ................................................................................................................................................38
Table 2-1-5 Steaming Coal Washing Plants of Key Coal Mining Administrations (CMA) in 2002 .........................................................38
2.2. Coal Production ..............................................................................................................................................................................................44
2.2.1 Historical Raw Coal Output ........................................................................................................................................................................44
Table 2-2-1 China's Raw Coal Production by Year (billions of tons) ...........................................................................................................44
Table 2-2-2 China's Raw Coal Production and its Growth ............................................................................................................................45
Table 2-2-3 National Raw Coal Production Mix (1996-2003) ........................................................................................................................45
Table 2-2-5 Historical Outputs of Raw Coal by Provinces and .....................................................................................................................46
Regions from 1990 to 2003 ................................................................................................................................................................................46
Table 2-2-7 Economic and Technical Index of the Coal Industry of China in the Past .............................................................................47
Table 2-2-8 Sulfur Contents of Raw Coal of China .........................................................................................................................................48
Table 2-2-9 Sulfur Contents of Commercial Coal of China ...........................................................................................................................49
Table 2-2-10 Overall Changes in Coal Quality of China from 1995 to 2002...............................................................................................49
2.2.2 Current coal production ...............................................................................................................................................................................49
Table 2-2-11 Raw and Washed Coal Production of China in 2002 and in Comparison with 2001 ......................................................51
Table 2-2-12 Outputs of Raw and Washed Coal from the Major Coal Mining Administrations by Province in 2002 (10kt)...............53
Table 2-2-13 Order of Output of the Major Coal Mining Administrations over One Million Tons per............................................................
Year in 2003 (10kt)........53
Table 2-2-14 Output Order of the Key Coal Mining Enterprises in 2001 ......................................................................................................54
Table 2-2-15 State Plan for Coal Output in 2002.............................................................................................................................................. 57
Table 2-2-16 Provincial Output of Raw Coal from January to May of 2002 ..................................................................................................58
Part 3 Coal Trade and Markets ............................................................................................................................................................................59
3.1. Domestic Markets ...........................................................................................................................................................................................59
3.1.1 Coal Consumption and Sales in the Past ...............................................................................................................................................59
Table 3-1-1 Coal Consumption from 1995 to 2002 .........................................................................................................................................59
Table 3-1-2 Statistics of Coal Consumption in China by Provinces from 1992 to 1995............................................................................60
Table 3-1-3 Statistics of Coal Consumption of China by Provinces from 1996 to 2003 ...........................................................................61
Table 3-1-4 Trade Amount between Provinces in China from 1980 to 1999 ..............................................................................................62
Table 3-1-5 Coal Consumption by Industrial Sectors of Coal from key State Coal Mines from 1995 to 2002.....................................62
3.1.2 Current Coal Sales and Transport .............................................................................................................................................................63
Table 3-1-6 Coal Transport and Sale of State-run Mines in December 2000 .............................................................................................63
Table 3-1-7 Coal Transport, Sale and Overstock of State-owned Mines in 2002 .......................................................................................64
Table 3-1-8 Coal Transport, Sale and Overstock from January to May of 2002 in China ..........................................................................65
Table 3-1-9 China's Coal Transportation Statistics from 1990 to 2003.......................................................................................................66
Table 3-1-10 General Data for Coal Transportation by Railways in 2001& 2002 ......................................................................................66
3.2. Coal Price ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................67
Table 3-2-1 Mean Prices of Raw Coal of China from 1990 to 2003 ..............................................................................................................67
Table 3-2-2 Quarterly Mean Coal Prices at Qinhuangdao Port from 2001 to 2003 ...................................................................................67
Table 3-2-3 Coal Prices for Major Chinese Markets from Nov. 2000 to Jan. 2003 ....................................................................................68
3.3. International Coal Trade ................................................................................................................................................................................72
3.3.1 Summary ........................................................................................................................................................................................................72
3.3.2 Import and Export System of China ...........................................................................................................................................................73
3.3.3 Coal Import and Export ................................................................................................................................................................................73
Fig.3-3-1 International Market Mix of China Coal in 2002.................................................................................................................................74
Table 3-3-2 Coal Export by Enterprises in 2002 ...............................................................................................................................................74
Table 3-3-3 Coal Export by Enterprises from January to December in 2003 ..............................................................................................75